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Friday, March 28, 2014
Thursday, March 20, 2014
2013 Telecommunications Industry Perspective
The
central paradox inherent in the business of telecommunications over the
past several years was at its most vivid in 2012. Having finally
recovered fully from the global economic downturn and come to terms with
the challenge of mass broadband and digitization, the industry had to
contend with the ongoing issues of how to grow and become more
profitable. We define digitization as the mass adoption of connected
digital technologies and applications by consumers, enterprises, and
governments—a revolutionary movement that is reshaping the sector. - See
more at:
http://www.booz.com/global/home/what-we-think/industry-perspectives/display/2013-telecommunications-industry-perspective?pg=all#sthash.wPPUs1ma.dpuf
In
2012, data traffic grew at explosive rates, but monetization lagged
behind; telecom companies must resolve this paradox this year by
choosing how they approach the market.
In
2012, data traffic grew at explosive rates, but monetization lagged
behind; telecom companies must resolve this paradox this year by
choosing how they approach the market.
The
central paradox inherent in the business of telecommunications over the
past several years was at its most vivid in 2012. Having finally
recovered fully from the global economic downturn and come to terms with
the challenge of mass broadband and digitization, the industry had to
contend with the ongoing issues of how to grow and become more
profitable. We define digitization as the mass adoption of connected
digital technologies and applications by consumers, enterprises, and
governments—a revolutionary movement that is reshaping the sector. - See
more at:
http://www.booz.com/global/home/what-we-think/industry-perspectives/display/2013-telecommunications-industry-perspective?pg=all#sthash.wPPUs1ma.dpuf
The
central paradox inherent in the business of telecommunications over the
past several years was at its most vivid in 2012. Having finally
recovered fully from the global economic downturn and come to terms with
the challenge of mass broadband and digitization, the industry had to
contend with the ongoing issues of how to grow and become more
profitable. We define digitization as the mass adoption of connected
digital technologies and applications by consumers, enterprises, and
governments—a revolutionary movement that is reshaping the sector. - See
more at:
http://www.booz.com/global/home/what-we-think/industry-perspectives/display/2013-telecommunications-industry-perspective?pg=all#sthash.wPPUs1ma.dpuf
The
central paradox inherent in the business of telecommunications over the
past several years was at its most vivid in 2012. Having finally
recovered fully from the global economic downturn and come to terms with
the challenge of mass broadband and digitization, the industry had to
contend with the ongoing issues of how to grow and become more
profitable. We define digitization as the mass adoption of connected
digital technologies and applications by consumers, enterprises, and
governments—a revolutionary movement that is reshaping the sector. - See
more at:
http://www.booz.com/global/home/what-we-think/industry-perspectives/display/2013-telecommunications-industry-perspective?pg=all#sthash.wPPUs1ma.dpuf
The
central paradox inherent in the business of telecommunications over the
past several years was at its most vivid in 2012. Having finally
recovered fully from the global economic downturn and come to terms with
the challenge of mass broadband and digitization, the industry had to
contend with the ongoing issues of how to grow and become more
profitable. We define digitization as the mass adoption of connected
digital technologies and applications by consumers, enterprises, and
governments—a revolutionary movement that is reshaping the sector. - See
more at:
http://www.booz.com/global/home/what-we-think/industry-perspectives/display/2013-telecommunications-industry-perspective?pg=all#sthash.wPPUs1ma.dpuf
The
central paradox inherent in the business of telecommunications over the
past several years was at its most vivid in 2012. Having finally
recovered fully from the global economic downturn and come to terms with
the challenge of mass broadband and digitization, the industry had to
contend with the ongoing issues of how to grow and become more
profitable. We define digitization as the mass adoption of
connected digital technologies and applications by consumers,
enterprises, and governments—a revolutionary movement that is reshaping
the sector.
On the one hand, data traffic over both wireless and fixed networks
continued to increase at explosive rates. Traffic growth is driven by
the massive uptake of smartphones and tablets, the mobile Internet, and
digitization technologies such as cloud computing, and to a far lesser
extent by rapidly increasing machine-to-machine services. Indeed, data
traffic appears to have risen even faster than expected.
The result was that many mobile operators struggled to meet demand, and
instances of substandard network performance were more frequent. In
response, telecom operators continued to invest heavily in their
networks. With wireless broadband speeds fast approaching those of
fixed-line connections, and with ever more users shifting their online
activities to their smartphones, operators will need to rethink their
roles within the PC and mobile value chains. In particular, the mobile
value chain is becoming increasingly intricate.
Given these challenges, operators must treat 2013 as the year in which
they double down on their efforts to resolve this paradox. They must
settle on better ways to monetize the flow of traffic over their
networks and capture considerably more of the revenue now going to
Internet players. They must then use these new sources of income to keep
making the investments in new technologies that are needed to build out
truly ubiquitous mobile broadband networks on par with the current
state of fixed-line broadband, and speed up their restructuring and
innovation efforts.
Simply relying on higher demand over networks with limited capacity to
boost prices and restore growth will certainly not be acceptable to
policymakers and regulators increasingly aware of the importance of
fixed and mobile broadband to promote economic growth.
These will not be easy tasks. Every telecom player will have to make
numerous critical decisions regarding its strategic focus and its
operating model, as well as the capabilities needed to operate
coherently in its chosen markets. These decisions will lead to a
significant increase in fundamental restructuring efforts on the part of
operators, as they prepare to become Fit for Growth℠
by making the right choices about streamlining their cost structures in
order to be able to fund their expansion and investment plans. We
expect these restructuring activities to fall into three categories:
Defending the core. All operators must determine exactly what
their core business is, and then build it up to the point where it can
thrive as an organic growth machine that drives both revenues and
profits. At the same time, they must focus on transforming the core into
a highly efficient and lean operation. This will require that they
learn to tailor offerings to their chosen customer base and segments
using sophisticated customer analytics to develop profitable pricing
schemes, while offering these targeted customers the best user
experience possible.
Expanding into adjacencies. Even as they defend their core
business from interlopers coming from outside the traditional telecom
space, telecom players must themselves seek out opportunities in
adjacent sectors. Which areas they decide to venture into, and to what
degree, will depend on their chosen business model. Indeed, some may
prefer to concentrate on enabling their business customers to make such
moves into adjacent sectors, rather than doing so themselves. In every
case, entering adjacencies will require the willingness and the ability
to develop suitable innovative products and services—not a traditional
strength for most telecom operators. They must also be willing to enter
into partnerships with companies that may have more experience in these
adjacent areas. Most important, if they are to succeed outside their
comfort zones, they need to begin soon to narrow their strategic focus
and start making the tough and possibly expensive decisions about where
to invest, and which assets—even possibly network assets—to divest.
Pursuing coherence at scale. Restructuring is a difficult
process, particularly for companies as complex as telecom operators.
Nonetheless, their ultimate goal must be to achieve coherence at the
correct scale in whatever new form they choose to take on, and they must
end up with an optimal portfolio of products and services if they are
to thrive. For some, this may be a relatively simple process. For most,
however, it is likely to require a wrenching combination of divestment
and consolidation in their search for the correct combination of organic
growth and synergistic new businesses.
How telecom operators will pursue these necessary activities of
defending the core, expanding into adjacencies, and pursuing coherence
at scale will vary. We believe that four business models can move
telecom companies away from the vertically integrated structures of the
past and enable them to meet the challenges of a disrupted sector while
benefiting from existing opportunities. These business models are the network guarantor, the business enabler, the experience creator, and the global multimarketer—models that are not mutually exclusive.
The network guarantor. In this model, operators concentrate on
providing their network infrastructure and related services to retail
and business customers, promising high quality, reliability, and
smoothly integrated platforms and applications, while operating as
cost-effectively as possible. Until recently this was perceived as the
“dumb pipes” model and was much too conservative for the new digital
world. However, more operators are pursuing this model as network
traffic grows and businesses look to operators for more and more
essential services. Some companies have decided to advance this model by
pooling their resources and those of their customers, offering them the
ability to choose among different networks and services while saving
considerably on operations and network maintenance.
The business enabler. This model depends on a strategy that
extends traditional telecom network services to include helping
businesses in different verticals serve their own business and retail
customers. The business enabler assists its business customers in
capturing the benefits of digitization through reliable virtual
networking, cloud services, and other integrated services and
applications. One model might involve extending the operator’s own
billing and collection capabilities by developing platforms and selling
them to customers. Another might include providing services that help
customers to expand their online retail offerings.
The experience creator. Operators pursuing this model seek to
provide their customers with an attractive combination of targeted
applications and content and the best possible user experience. Services
might include e-wallets, personalized information apps, and access to
music, video clips, and games. This model requires deep insight into
customers and excellent customer management and service. Thus far, few
operators have succeeded in fully implementing this model, because of
the strong innovation skills needed and the stiff competition they are
meeting from established Internet players.
The global multimarketer. Large operators have the opportunity
to expand beyond their home markets into multiple segments and markets,
creating value by combining the other three models, carefully managing
the resulting product and service portfolios, and reproducing these
models and portfolios in new markets efficiently. This in turn will
allow them to provide their many customers with unique digital
identities and the broadest possible range of digital services.
Operators would do well in their restructuring efforts to consider
carefully which combination of these models will be most conducive to
their future success. That decision will depend on how well the
distinctive capabilities they already possess match up with the set of
capabilities that each of these models requires.
The coming year, then, will be one of restructuring. Operators must
build the right set of distinctive capabilities for success. This will
require the appropriate combination of five key capabilities: enhanced customer analytics, customer experience management, digital enablement, strategic partner management, and yield management.
No operator is likely to be able to build all of these capabilities
simultaneously and to perfection. What is important is to select the
ones most critical for the chosen business model.
Enhanced customer analytics. The success of all four business
models depends to a considerable extent on this critical capability.
Companies need the ability to gather and analyze data about customers
and then use it to create the right mix of price and services for each
customer segment and determine profitability over the entire customer
life cycle.
Customer experience management. Operators will need the
capability to create innovative products and services that are designed
to attract and retain customers, and to manage a complete portfolio.
Different models will require different types of services: Experience
creators may look to provide seamless service across different screens.
Global multimarketers will need to be able to replicate this capability
in their many markets. By contrast, network guarantors do not need to
acquire this capability.
Digital enablement. This capability will enable companies, and
especially business enablers, to transform their own internal services
and processes—such as billing, authentication and identification, and
location-based services—into products they can then offer to business
customers, which can in turn resell them to others. Telecom players that
succeed in understanding the relationship between online marketing and
offline sales, for example, could build platforms for managing so-called
multichannel attribution issues for their customers (multichannel
attribution includes the relationship between online marketing and its
offline effects). Other options might include digital identity services,
e-commerce, and cloud computing.
Strategic partner management. Telecom players looking to move
into adjacent sectors and new markets will most likely need to partner
with others in the broader digital space, because those partners can
provide the market footprint, experience, or services portfolio needed
to succeed. Managing these deals can be challenging, but those who build
a solid capability in this area will be most likely to find and keep
the best partners.
Yield management. For every operator, understanding the nature
of all their assets and managing them for optimal value are an essential
part of creating the appropriate cost structure and freeing up funds
for investment in developing the correct model, or models, for the
future.
The digital revolution is in full swing, and the telecommunications
industry is in the thick of it, providing infrastructure, enabling other
players, and waging its own battles. Opportunities exist, but every
player in the industry must choose its strategic direction and build the
corresponding set of capabilities necessary for success. This choice,
and the ability to pursue it, will determine how each player finishes in
this critical race: as a leader or an also-ran.
- See more at:
http://www.booz.com/global/home/what-we-think/industry-perspectives/display/2013-telecommunications-industry-perspective?pg=all#sthash.wPPUs1ma.dpufImproving cost structures
Margins can only be improved by increasing sales prices, or reducing
costs. As prices in real terms for many of the industry’s staple
products have eroded over many years, the focus has long been on
reducing costs. Indeed, in our recent report CEO Perspectives, Viewpoints of CEOs in the forest, paper & packaging industry 2010
virtually all CEOs report that their companies have been actively
cutting costs. These measures do not guarantee increased margins, if
they do not offset increases in the cost of raw materials or in other
key inputs such as energy and transportation. The industry tendency to
pass cost savings through to customers rather than building returns for
its investors will need to change.
The volatility of energy costs is of particular concern, and
potentially affected more by government action than by market forces.
Many executives attempt to hedge against this volatility by increasing
energy efficiency and their own capacity to generate power internally.
Transport costs represent another significant line item, largely
linked to oil price fluctuations. For some, locked into high transport
costs, it may mean a shift in production locations.
Improving cost structures means reducing the cost of inputs and
processes through savings and efficiencies and not competing away those
gains by chasing sales prices down. It means a change in mindset away
from volume and capacity utilisation, to focus on margin. It therefore
means the closure of both unprofitable capacity and even currently
profitable capacity if that enhances the overall return on the remaining
assets. In short, a radical overhaul of business models may be
necessary to achieve real and sustained margin improvement from existing
product platforms
Industry Cost Structures
By Alan Stratton
Different industries have different cost
structures. Some industries are labor intensive. Others are material or
capital intensive. In distribution, regardless of industry, most of the
costs are the acquisition of products purchased from manufacturers.
The same is true for retail operations like a grocery store, where
70% or more of expenditures go toward the food and merchandise displayed
in the stores.
Performance management and measurement differ between industries and should reflect the cost structures of those businesses.
In a typical manufacturing organization, half the costs are raw materials or component parts purchased from suppliers.
For the manufacturer, the acquisition costs of material and component parts are critical.
The emphasis of performance management should be on the processes and
activities for product manufacturing and the activities associated with
the procurement of materials. Effective supply chain management is
critical.
In the capital intensive semiconductor industry half the cost
structure is deprecation of the capital investment. Once the investment
is made, the deprecation cost is fixed for the foreseeable future.
Emphasis should be placed on project management and activities
related to capital investment analysis, authorization, and decision.
In a service organization, like a consulting firm or software
developer, as much as 75% of the costs can be people and people related
(offices, telephones, and computers).
For the service organization, it’s all about managing the effectiveness and efficiency of human labor.
Harder to measure but critical for performance are the ideas and innovations that come from knowledge workers.
For a company like Nike that invests heavily in its brand, the
largest expenditures are related to marketing, advertising, and
promotion.
In the Nike like example the key activities to manage might include
those related to the design and procurement of advertising or management
and recruitment of celebrity endorsements.
In the oil and gas industry significant expenditures are made to
drill wells to explore for oil and natural gas, many of which are dry or
not commercially viable.
Activities related to collecting seismic data and evaluating underground formations are critical to the overall success rate.
Use a simple pie chart to identify the overall cost structure of
your business. Review your performance management and measurement
systems to determine that they address the large cost items…
Wednesday, March 19, 2014
Thursday, February 27, 2014
Friday, February 21, 2014
Thursday, February 13, 2014
US Telecom Consolidation
Thursday, February 06, 2014
Standard Industrial Classification (UK)
SIC 2007
The United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (SIC) is used to classify business establishments and other standard units by the type of economic activity in which they are engaged. The new version of these codes (SIC 2007) was adopted by the UK as from 1st January 2008.With the agreement of the Office of National Statistics (ONS), Companies House uses a condensed version of the full list of codes available from ONS. Please be aware that only the codes made available on the condensed Companies House list below can be used on the Annual Return. Codes used from other sources than the Companies House list may mean your document is rejected, and your filing delayed. Even if your company is dormant (99999) or non-trading (74990) this still has to be indicated by using the appropriate SIC code.
Refer: http://www.companieshouse.gov.uk/infoAndGuide/sic/sic2007.shtml
| SIC 2007 | Description |
|---|---|
| SECTION A | Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing |
| 01110 | Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds |
| 01120 | Growing of rice |
| 01130 | Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers |
| 01140 | Growing of sugar cane |
| 01150 | Growing of tobacco |
| 01160 | Growing of fibre crops |
| 01190 | Growing of other non-perennial crops |
| 01210 | Growing of grapes |
| 01220 | Growing of tropical and subtropical fruits |
| 01230 | Growing of citrus fruits |
| 01240 | Growing of pome fruits and stone fruits |
| 01250 | Growing of other tree and bush fruits and nuts |
| 01260 | Growing of oleaginous fruits |
| 01270 | Growing of beverage crops |
| 01280 | Growing of spices, aromatic, drug and pharmaceutical crops |
| 01290 | Growing of other perennial crops |
| 01300 | Plant propagation |
| 01410 | Raising of dairy cattle |
| 01420 | Raising of other cattle and buffaloes |
| 01430 | Raising of horses and other equines |
| 01440 | Raising of camels and camelids |
| 01450 | Raising of sheep and goats |
| 01460 | Raising of swine/pigs |
| 01470 | Raising of poultry |
| 01490 | Raising of other animals |
| 01500 | Mixed farming |
| 01610 | Support activities for crop production |
| 01621 | Farm animal boarding and care |
| 01629 | Support activities for animal production (other than farm animal boarding and care) n.e.c. |
| 01630 | Post-harvest crop activities |
| 01640 | Seed processing for propagation |
| 01700 | Hunting, trapping and related service activities |
| 02100 | Silviculture and other forestry activities |
| 02200 | Logging |
| 02300 | Gathering of wild growing non-wood products |
| 02400 | Support services to forestry |
| 03110 | Marine fishing |
| 03120 | Freshwater fishing |
| 03210 | Marine aquaculture |
| 03220 | Freshwater aquaculture |
| SECTION B | Mining and Quarrying |
| 05101 | Deep coal mines |
| 05102 | Open cast coal working |
| 05200 | Mining of lignite |
| 06100 | Extraction of crude petroleum |
| 06200 | Extraction of natural gas |
| 07100 | Mining of iron ores |
| 07210 | Mining of uranium and thorium ores |
| 07290 | Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores |
| 08110 | Quarrying of ornamental and building stone, limestone, gypsum, chalk and slate |
| 08120 | Operation of gravel and sand pits; mining of clays and kaolin |
| 08910 | Mining of chemical and fertilizer minerals |
| 08920 | Extraction of peat |
| 08930 | Extraction of salt |
| 08990 | Other mining and quarrying n.e.c. |
| 09100 | Support activities for petroleum and natural gas mining |
| 09900 | Support activities for other mining and quarrying |
| SECTION C | Manufacturing |
| 10110 | Processing and preserving of meat |
| 10120 | Processing and preserving of poultry meat |
| 10130 | Production of meat and poultry meat products |
| 10200 | Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs |
| 10310 | Processing and preserving of potatoes |
| 10320 | Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice |
| 10390 | Other processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables |
| 10410 | Manufacture of oils and fats |
| 10420 | Manufacture of margarine and similar edible fats |
| 10511 | Liquid milk and cream production |
| 10512 | Butter and cheese production |
| 10519 | Manufacture of other milk products |
| 10520 | Manufacture of ice cream |
| 10611 | Grain milling |
| 10612 | Manufacture of breakfast cereals and cereals-based food |
| 10620 | Manufacture of starches and starch products |
| 10710 | Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes |
| 10720 | Manufacture of rusks and biscuits; manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes |
| 10730 | Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products |
| 10810 | Manufacture of sugar |
| 10821 | Manufacture of cocoa and chocolate confectionery |
| 10822 | Manufacture of sugar confectionery |
| 10831 | Tea processing |
| 10832 | Production of coffee and coffee substitutes |
| 10840 | Manufacture of condiments and seasonings |
| 10850 | Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes |
| 10860 | Manufacture of homogenized food preparations and dietetic food |
| 10890 | Manufacture of other food products n.e.c. |
| 10910 | Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals |
| 10920 | Manufacture of prepared pet foods |
| 11010 | Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits |
| 11020 | Manufacture of wine from grape |
| 11030 | Manufacture of cider and other fruit wines |
| 11040 | Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages |
| 11050 | Manufacture of beer |
| 11060 | Manufacture of malt |
| 11070 | Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters |
| 12000 | Manufacture of tobacco products |
| 13100 | Preparation and spinning of textile fibres |
| 13200 | Weaving of textiles |
| 13300 | Finishing of textiles |
| 13910 | Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics |
| 13921 | Manufacture of soft furnishings |
| 13922 | manufacture of canvas goods, sacks, etc. |
| 13923 | manufacture of household textiles |
| 13931 | Manufacture of woven or tufted carpets and rugs |
| 13939 | Manufacture of other carpets and rugs |
| 13940 | Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting |
| 13950 | Manufacture of non-wovens and articles made from non-wovens, except apparel |
| 13960 | Manufacture of other technical and industrial textiles |
| 13990 | Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c. |
| 14110 | Manufacture of leather clothes |
| 14120 | Manufacture of workwear |
| 14131 | Manufacture of other men's outerwear |
| 14132 | Manufacture of other women's outerwear |
| 14141 | Manufacture of men's underwear |
| 14142 | Manufacture of women's underwear |
| 14190 | Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories n.e.c. |
| 14200 | Manufacture of articles of fur |
| 14310 | Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery |
| 14390 | Manufacture of other knitted and crocheted apparel |
| 15110 | Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur |
| 15120 | Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness |
| 15200 | Manufacture of footwear |
| 16100 | Sawmilling and planing of wood |
| 16210 | Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels |
| 16220 | Manufacture of assembled parquet floors |
| 16230 | Manufacture of other builders' carpentry and joinery |
| 16240 | Manufacture of wooden containers |
| 16290 | Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials |
| 17110 | Manufacture of pulp |
| 17120 | Manufacture of paper and paperboard |
| 17211 | Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard, sacks and bags |
| 17219 | Manufacture of other paper and paperboard containers |
| 17220 | Manufacture of household and sanitary goods and of toilet requisites |
| 17230 | Manufacture of paper stationery |
| 17240 | Manufacture of wallpaper |
| 17290 | Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard n.e.c. |
| 18110 | Printing of newspapers |
| 18121 | Manufacture of printed labels |
| 18129 | Printing n.e.c. |
| 18130 | Pre-press and pre-media services |
| 18140 | Binding and related services |
| 18201 | Reproduction of sound recording |
| 18202 | Reproduction of video recording |
| 18203 | Reproduction of computer media |
| 19100 | Manufacture of coke oven products |
| 19201 | Mineral oil refining |
| 19209 | Other treatment of petroleum products (excluding petrochemicals manufacture) |
| 20110 | Manufacture of industrial gases |
| 20120 | Manufacture of dyes and pigments |
| 20130 | Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals |
| 20140 | Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals |
| 20150 | Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds |
| 20160 | Manufacture of plastics in primary forms |
| 20170 | Manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms |
| 20200 | Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products |
| 20301 | Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, mastics and sealants |
| 20302 | Manufacture of printing ink |
| 20411 | Manufacture of soap and detergents |
| 20412 | Manufacture of cleaning and polishing preparations |
| 20420 | Manufacture of perfumes and toilet preparations |
| 20510 | Manufacture of explosives |
| 20520 | Manufacture of glues |
| 20530 | Manufacture of essential oils |
| 20590 | Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. |
| 20600 | Manufacture of man-made fibres |
| 21100 | Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products |
| 21200 | Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations |
| 22110 | Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres |
| 22190 | Manufacture of other rubber products |
| 22210 | Manufacture of plastic plates, sheets, tubes and profiles |
| 22220 | Manufacture of plastic packing goods |
| 22230 | Manufacture of builders ware of plastic |
| 22290 | Manufacture of other plastic products |
| 23110 | Manufacture of flat glass |
| 23120 | Shaping and processing of flat glass |
| 23130 | Manufacture of hollow glass |
| 23140 | Manufacture of glass fibres |
| 23190 | Manufacture and processing of other glass, including technical glassware |
| 23200 | Manufacture of refractory products |
| 23310 | Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags |
| 23320 | Manufacture of bricks, tiles and construction products, in baked clay |
| 23410 | Manufacture of ceramic household and ornamental articles |
| 23420 | Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures |
| 23430 | Manufacture of ceramic insulators and insulating fittings |
| 23440 | Manufacture of other technical ceramic products |
| 23490 | Manufacture of other ceramic products n.e.c. |
| 23510 | Manufacture of cement |
| 23520 | Manufacture of lime and plaster |
| 23610 | Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes |
| 23620 | Manufacture of plaster products for construction purposes |
| 23630 | Manufacture of ready-mixed concrete |
| 23640 | Manufacture of mortars |
| 23650 | Manufacture of fibre cement |
| 23690 | Manufacture of other articles of concrete, plaster and cement |
| 23700 | Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone |
| 23910 | Production of abrasive products |
| 23990 | Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. |
| 24100 | Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys |
| 24200 | Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings, of steel |
| 24310 | Cold drawing of bars |
| 24320 | Cold rolling of narrow strip |
| 24330 | Cold forming or folding |
| 24340 | Cold drawing of wire |
| 24410 | Precious metals production |
| 24420 | Aluminium production |
| 24430 | Lead, zinc and tin production |
| 24440 | Copper production |
| 24450 | Other non-ferrous metal production |
| 24460 | Processing of nuclear fuel |
| 24510 | Casting of iron |
| 24520 | Casting of steel |
| 24530 | Casting of light metals |
| 24540 | Casting of other non-ferrous metals |
| 25110 | Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures |
| 25120 | Manufacture of doors and windows of metal |
| 25210 | Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers |
| 25290 | Manufacture of other tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal |
| 25300 | Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers |
| 25400 | Manufacture of weapons and ammunition |
| 25500 | Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy |
| 25610 | Treatment and coating of metals |
| 25620 | Machining |
| 25710 | Manufacture of cutlery |
| 25720 | Manufacture of locks and hinges |
| 25730 | Manufacture of tools |
| 25910 | Manufacture of steel drums and similar containers |
| 25920 | Manufacture of light metal packaging |
| 25930 | Manufacture of wire products, chain and springs |
| 25940 | Manufacture of fasteners and screw machine products |
| 25990 | Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c. |
| 26110 | Manufacture of electronic components |
| 26120 | Manufacture of loaded electronic boards |
| 26200 | Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment |
| 26301 | Manufacture of telegraph and telephone apparatus and equipment |
| 26309 | Manufacture of communication equipment other than telegraph, and telephone apparatus and equipment |
| 26400 | Manufacture of consumer electronics |
| 26511 | Manufacture of electronic measuring, testing etc. equipment, not for industrial process control |
| 26512 | Manufacture of electronic industrial process control equipment |
| 26513 | Manufacture of non-electronic measuring, testing etc. equipment, not for industrial process control |
| 26514 | Manufacture of non-electronic industrial process control equipment |
| 26520 | Manufacture of watches and clocks |
| 26600 | Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment |
| 26701 | Manufacture of optical precision instruments |
| 26702 | Manufacture of photographic and cinematographic equipment |
| 26800 | Manufacture of magnetic and optical media |
| 27110 | Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers |
| 27120 | Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus |
| 27200 | Manufacture of batteries and accumulators |
| 27310 | Manufacture of fibre optic cables |
| 27320 | Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables |
| 27330 | Manufacture of wiring devices |
| 27400 | Manufacture of electric lighting equipment |
| 27510 | Manufacture of electric domestic appliances |
| 27520 | Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances |
| 27900 | Manufacture of other electrical equipment |
| 28110 | Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines |
| 28120 | Manufacture of fluid power equipment |
| 28131 | Manufacture of pumps |
| 28132 | Manufacture of compressors |
| 28140 | Manufacture of taps and valves |
| 28150 | Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements |
| 28210 | Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners |
| 28220 | Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment |
| 28230 | Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment) |
| 28240 | Manufacture of power-driven hand tools |
| 28250 | Manufacture of non-domestic cooling and ventilation equipment |
| 28290 | Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery n.e.c. |
| 28301 | Manufacture of agricultural tractors |
| 28302 | Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery other than tractors |
| 28410 | Manufacture of metal forming machinery |
| 28490 | Manufacture of other machine tools |
| 28910 | Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy |
| 28921 | Manufacture of machinery for mining |
| 28922 | Manufacture of earthmoving equipment |
| 28923 | Manufacture of equipment for concrete crushing and screening and roadworks |
| 28930 | Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing |
| 28940 | Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production |
| 28950 | Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard production |
| 28960 | Manufacture of plastics and rubber machinery |
| 28990 | Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery n.e.c. |
| 29100 | Manufacture of motor vehicles |
| 29201 | Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles (except caravans) |
| 29202 | Manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers |
| 29203 | Manufacture of caravans |
| 29310 | Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles and their engines |
| 29320 | Manufacture of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles |
| 30110 | Building of ships and floating structures |
| 30120 | Building of pleasure and sporting boats |
| 30200 | Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock |
| 30300 | Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery |
| 30400 | Manufacture of military fighting vehicles |
| 30910 | Manufacture of motorcycles |
| 30920 | Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages |
| 30990 | Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c. |
| 31010 | Manufacture of office and shop furniture |
| 31020 | Manufacture of kitchen furniture |
| 31030 | Manufacture of mattresses |
| 31090 | Manufacture of other furniture |
| 32110 | Striking of coins |
| 32120 | Manufacture of jewellery and related articles |
| 32130 | Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles |
| 32200 | Manufacture of musical instruments |
| 32300 | Manufacture of sports goods |
| 32401 | Manufacture of professional and arcade games and toys |
| 32409 | Manufacture of other games and toys, n.e.c. |
| 32500 | Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies |
| 32910 | Manufacture of brooms and brushes |
| 32990 | Other manufacturing n.e.c. |
| 33110 | Repair of fabricated metal products |
| 33120 | Repair of machinery |
| 33130 | Repair of electronic and optical equipment |
| 33140 | Repair of electrical equipment |
| 33150 | Repair and maintenance of ships and boats |
| 33160 | Repair and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft |
| 33170 | Repair and maintenance of other transport equipment n.e.c. |
| 33190 | Repair of other equipment |
| 33200 | Installation of industrial machinery and equipment |
| SECTION D | Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply |
| 35110 | Production of electricity |
| 35120 | Transmission of electricity |
| 35130 | Distribution of electricity |
| 35140 | Trade of electricity |
| 35210 | Manufacture of gas |
| 35220 | Distribution of gaseous fuels through mains |
| 35230 | Trade of gas through mains |
| 35300 | Steam and air conditioning supply |
| SECTION E | Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities |
| 36000 | Water collection, treatment and supply |
| 37000 | Sewerage |
| 38110 | Collection of non-hazardous waste |
| 38120 | Collection of hazardous waste |
| 38210 | Treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste |
| 38220 | Treatment and disposal of hazardous waste |
| 38310 | Dismantling of wrecks |
| 38320 | Recovery of sorted materials |
| 39000 | Remediation activities and other waste management services |
| SECTION F | Construction |
| 41100 | Development of building projects |
| 41201 | Construction of commercial buildings |
| 41202 | Construction of domestic buildings |
| 42110 | Construction of roads and motorways |
| 42120 | Construction of railways and underground railways |
| 42130 | Construction of bridges and tunnels |
| 42210 | Construction of utility projects for fluids |
| 42220 | Construction of utility projects for electricity and telecommunications |
| 42910 | Construction of water projects |
| 42990 | Construction of other civil engineering projects n.e.c. |
| 43110 | Demolition |
| 43120 | Site preparation |
| 43130 | Test drilling and boring |
| 43210 | Electrical installation |
| 43220 | Plumbing, heat and air-conditioning installation |
| 43290 | Other construction installation |
| 43310 | Plastering |
| 43320 | Joinery installation |
| 43330 | Floor and wall covering |
| 43341 | Painting |
| 43342 | Glazing |
| 43390 | Other building completion and finishing |
| 43910 | Roofing activities |
| 43991 | Scaffold erection |
| 43999 | Other specialised construction activities n.e.c. |
| SECTION G | Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles |
| 45111 | Sale of new cars and light motor vehicles |
| 45112 | Sale of used cars and light motor vehicles |
| 45190 | Sale of other motor vehicles |
| 45200 | Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles |
| 45310 | Wholesale trade of motor vehicle parts and accessories |
| 45320 | Retail trade of motor vehicle parts and accessories |
| 45400 | Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related parts and accessories |
| 46110 | Agents selling agricultural raw materials, livestock, textile raw materials and semi-finished goods |
| 46120 | Agents involved in the sale of fuels, ores, metals and industrial chemicals |
| 46130 | Agents involved in the sale of timber and building materials |
| 46140 | Agents involved in the sale of machinery, industrial equipment, ships and aircraft |
| 46150 | Agents involved in the sale of furniture, household goods, hardware and ironmongery |
| 46160 | Agents involved in the sale of textiles, clothing, fur, footwear and leather goods |
| 46170 | Agents involved in the sale of food, beverages and tobacco |
| 46180 | Agents specialised in the sale of other particular products |
| 46190 | Agents involved in the sale of a variety of goods |
| 46210 | Wholesale of grain, unmanufactured tobacco, seeds and animal feeds |
| 46220 | Wholesale of flowers and plants |
| 46230 | Wholesale of live animals |
| 46240 | Wholesale of hides, skins and leather |
| 46310 | Wholesale of fruit and vegetables |
| 46320 | Wholesale of meat and meat products |
| 46330 | Wholesale of dairy products, eggs and edible oils and fats |
| 46341 | Wholesale of fruit and vegetable juices, mineral water and soft drinks |
| 46342 | Wholesale of wine, beer, spirits and other alcoholic beverages |
| 46350 | Wholesale of tobacco products |
| 46360 | Wholesale of sugar and chocolate and sugar confectionery |
| 46370 | Wholesale of coffee, tea, cocoa and spices |
| 46380 | Wholesale of other food, including fish, crustaceans and molluscs |
| 46390 | Non-specialised wholesale of food, beverages and tobacco |
| 46410 | Wholesale of textiles |
| 46420 | Wholesale of clothing and footwear |
| 46431 | Wholesale of audio tapes, records, CDs and video tapes and the equipment on which these are played |
| 46439 | Wholesale of radio, television goods & electrical household appliances (other than records, tapes, CD's & video tapes and the equipment used for playing them) |
| 46440 | Wholesale of china and glassware and cleaning materials |
| 46450 | Wholesale of perfume and cosmetics |
| 46460 | Wholesale of pharmaceutical goods |
| 46470 | Wholesale of furniture, carpets and lighting equipment |
| 46480 | Wholesale of watches and jewellery |
| 46491 | Wholesale of musical instruments |
| 46499 | Wholesale of household goods (other than musical instruments) n.e.c |
| 46510 | Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral equipment and software |
| 46520 | Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts |
| 46610 | Wholesale of agricultural machinery, equipment and supplies |
| 46620 | Wholesale of machine tools |
| 46630 | Wholesale of mining, construction and civil engineering machinery |
| 46640 | Wholesale of machinery for the textile industry and of sewing and knitting machines |
| 46650 | Wholesale of office furniture |
| 46660 | Wholesale of other office machinery and equipment |
| 46690 | Wholesale of other machinery and equipment |
| 46711 | Wholesale of petroleum and petroleum products |
| 46719 | Wholesale of other fuels and related products |
| 46720 | Wholesale of metals and metal ores |
| 46730 | Wholesale of wood, construction materials and sanitary equipment |
| 46740 | Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and supplies |
| 46750 | Wholesale of chemical products |
| 46760 | Wholesale of other intermediate products |
| 46770 | Wholesale of waste and scrap |
| 46900 | Non-specialised wholesale trade |
| 47110 | Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating |
| 47190 | Other retail sale in non-specialised stores |
| 47210 | Retail sale of fruit and vegetables in specialised stores |
| 47220 | Retail sale of meat and meat products in specialised stores |
| 47230 | Retail sale of fish, crustaceans and molluscs in specialised stores |
| 47240 | Retail sale of bread, cakes, flour confectionery and sugar confectionery in specialised stores |
| 47250 | Retail sale of beverages in specialised stores |
| 47260 | Retail sale of tobacco products in specialised stores |
| 47290 | Other retail sale of food in specialised stores |
| 47300 | Retail sale of automotive fuel in specialised stores |
| 47410 | Retail sale of computers, peripheral units and software in specialised stores |
| 47421 | Retail sale of mobile telephones |
| 47429 | Retail sale of telecommunications equipment other than mobile telephones |
| 47430 | Retail sale of audio and video equipment in specialised stores |
| 47510 | Retail sale of textiles in specialised stores |
| 47520 | Retail sale of hardware, paints and glass in specialised stores |
| 47530 | Retail sale of carpets, rugs, wall and floor coverings in specialised stores |
| 47540 | Retail sale of electrical household appliances in specialised stores |
| 47591 | Retail sale of musical instruments and scores |
| 47599 | Retail of furniture, lighting, and similar (not musical instruments or scores) in specialised store |
| 47610 | Retail sale of books in specialised stores |
| 47620 | Retail sale of newspapers and stationery in specialised stores |
| 47630 | Retail sale of music and video recordings in specialised stores |
| 47640 | Retail sale of sports goods, fishing gear, camping goods, boats and bicycles |
| 47650 | Retail sale of games and toys in specialised stores |
| 47710 | Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores |
| 47721 | Retail sale of footwear in specialised stores |
| 47722 | Retail sale of leather goods in specialised stores |
| 47730 | Dispensing chemist in specialised stores |
| 47741 | Retail sale of hearing aids |
| 47749 | Retail sale of medical and orthopaedic goods in specialised stores (not incl. hearing aids) n.e.c. |
| 47750 | Retail sale of cosmetic and toilet articles in specialised stores |
| 47760 | Retail sale of flowers, plants, seeds, fertilizers, pet animals and pet food in specialised stores |
| 47770 | Retail sale of watches and jewellery in specialised stores |
| 47781 | Retail sale in commercial art galleries |
| 47782 | Retail sale by opticians |
| 47789 | Other retail sale of new goods in specialised stores (not commercial art galleries and opticians) |
| 47791 | Retail sale of antiques including antique books in stores |
| 47799 | Retail sale of other second-hand goods in stores (not incl. antiques) |
| 47810 | Retail sale via stalls and markets of food, beverages and tobacco products |
| 47820 | Retail sale via stalls and markets of textiles, clothing and footwear |
| 47890 | Retail sale via stalls and markets of other goods |
| 47910 | Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet |
| 47990 | Other retail sale not in stores, stalls or markets |
| SECTION H | Transportation and storage |
| 49100 | Passenger rail transport, interurban |
| 49200 | Freight rail transport |
| 49311 | Urban and suburban passenger railway transportation by underground, metro and similar systems |
| 49319 | Other urban, suburban or metropolitan passenger land transport (not underground, metro or similar) |
| 49320 | Taxi operation |
| 49390 | Other passenger land transport |
| 49410 | Freight transport by road |
| 49420 | Removal services |
| 49500 | Transport via pipeline |
| 50100 | Sea and coastal passenger water transport |
| 50200 | Sea and coastal freight water transport |
| 50300 | Inland passenger water transport |
| 50400 | Inland freight water transport |
| 51101 | Scheduled passenger air transport |
| 51102 | Non-scheduled passenger air transport |
| 51210 | Freight air transport |
| 51220 | Space transport |
| 52101 | Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for water transport activities |
| 52102 | Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for air transport activities |
| 52103 | Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for land transport activities |
| 52211 | Operation of rail freight terminals |
| 52212 | Operation of rail passenger facilities at railway stations |
| 52213 | Operation of bus and coach passenger facilities at bus and coach stations |
| 52219 | Other service activities incidental to land transportation, n.e.c. |
| 52220 | Service activities incidental to water transportation |
| 52230 | Service activities incidental to air transportation |
| 52241 | Cargo handling for water transport activities |
| 52242 | Cargo handling for air transport activities |
| 52243 | Cargo handling for land transport activities |
| 52290 | Other transportation support activities |
| 53100 | Postal activities under universal service obligation |
| 53201 | Licensed carriers |
| 53202 | Unlicensed carriers |
| SECTION I | Accommodation and food service activities |
| 55100 | Hotels and similar accommodation |
| 55201 | Holiday centres and villages |
| 55202 | Youth hostels |
| 55209 | Other holiday and other collective accommodation |
| 55300 | Recreational vehicle parks, trailer parks and camping grounds |
| 55900 | Other accommodation |
| 56101 | Licenced restaurants |
| 56102 | Unlicenced restaurants and cafes |
| 56103 | Take-away food shops and mobile food stands |
| 56210 | Event catering activities |
| 56290 | Other food services |
| 56301 | Licenced clubs |
| 56302 | Public houses and bars |
| SECTION J | Information and communication |
| 58110 | Book publishing |
| 58120 | Publishing of directories and mailing lists |
| 58130 | Publishing of newspapers |
| 58141 | Publishing of learned journals |
| 58142 | Publishing of consumer and business journals and periodicals |
| 58190 | Other publishing activities |
| 58210 | Publishing of computer games |
| 58290 | Other software publishing |
| 59111 | Motion picture production activities |
| 59112 | Video production activities |
| 59113 | Television programme production activities |
| 59120 | Motion picture, video and television programme post-production activities |
| 59131 | Motion picture distribution activities |
| 59132 | Video distribution activities |
| 59133 | Television programme distribution activities |
| 59140 | Motion picture projection activities |
| 59200 | Sound recording and music publishing activities |
| 60100 | Radio broadcasting |
| 60200 | Television programming and broadcasting activities |
| 61100 | Wired telecommunications activities |
| 61200 | Wireless telecommunications activities |
| 61300 | Satellite telecommunications activities |
| 61900 | Other telecommunications activities |
| 62011 | Ready-made interactive leisure and entertainment software development |
| 62012 | Business and domestic software development |
| 62020 | Information technology consultancy activities |
| 62030 | Computer facilities management activities |
| 62090 | Other information technology service activities |
| 63110 | Data processing, hosting and related activities |
| 63120 | Web portals |
| 63910 | News agency activities |
| 63990 | Other information service activities n.e.c. |
| SECTION K | Financial and insurance activities |
| 64110 | Central banking |
| 64191 | Banks |
| 64192 | Building societies |
| 64201 | Activities of agricultural holding companies |
| 64202 | Activities of production holding companies |
| 64203 | Activities of construction holding companies |
| 64204 | Activities of distribution holding companies |
| 64205 | Activities of financial services holding companies |
| 64209 | Activities of other holding companies n.e.c. |
| 64301 | Activities of investment trusts |
| 64302 | Activities of unit trusts |
| 64303 | Activities of venture and development capital companies |
| 64304 | Activities of open-ended investment companies |
| 64305 | Activities of property unit trusts |
| 64306 | Activities of real estate investment trusts |
| 64910 | Financial leasing |
| 64921 | Credit granting by non-deposit taking finance houses and other specialist consumer credit grantors |
| 64922 | Activities of mortgage finance companies |
| 64929 | Other credit granting n.e.c. |
| 64991 | Security dealing on own account |
| 64992 | Factoring |
| 64999 | Financial intermediation not elsewhere classified |
| 65110 | Life insurance |
| 65120 | Non-life insurance |
| 65201 | Life reinsurance |
| 65202 | Non-life reinsurance |
| 65300 | Pension funding |
| 66110 | Administration of financial markets |
| 66120 | Security and commodity contracts dealing activities |
| 66190 | Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation n.e.c. |
| 66210 | Risk and damage evaluation |
| 66220 | Activities of insurance agents and brokers |
| 66290 | Other activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding |
| 66300 | Fund management activities |
| SECTION L | Real estate activities |
| 68100 | Buying and selling of own real estate |
| 68201 | Renting and operating of Housing Association real estate |
| 68202 | Letting and operating of conference and exhibition centres |
| 68209 | Other letting and operating of own or leased real estate |
| 68310 | Real estate agencies |
| 68320 | Management of real estate on a fee or contract basis |
| SECTION M | Professional, scientific and technical activities |
| 69101 | Barristers at law |
| 69102 | Solicitors |
| 69109 | Activities of patent and copyright agents; other legal activities n.e.c. |
| 69201 | Accounting and auditing activities |
| 69202 | Bookkeeping activities |
| 69203 | Tax consultancy |
| 70100 | Activities of head offices |
| 70210 | Public relations and communications activities |
| 70221 | Financial management |
| 70229 | Management consultancy activities other than financial management |
| 71111 | Architectural activities |
| 71112 | Urban planning and landscape architectural activities |
| 71121 | Engineering design activities for industrial process and production |
| 71122 | Engineering related scientific and technical consulting activities |
| 71129 | Other engineering activities |
| 71200 | Technical testing and analysis |
| 72110 | Research and experimental development on biotechnology |
| 72190 | Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering |
| 72200 | Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities |
| 73110 | Advertising agencies |
| 73120 | Media representation services |
| 73200 | Market research and public opinion polling |
| 74100 | specialised design activities |
| 74201 | Portrait photographic activities |
| 74202 | Other specialist photography |
| 74203 | Film processing |
| 74209 | Photographic activities not elsewhere classified |
| 74300 | Translation and interpretation activities |
| 74901 | Environmental consulting activities |
| 74902 | Quantity surveying activities |
| 74909 | Other professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c. |
| 74990 | Non-trading company non trading |
| 75000 | Veterinary activities |
| SECTION N | Administrative and support service activities |
| 77110 | Renting and leasing of cars and light motor vehicles |
| 77120 | Renting and leasing of trucks and other heavy vehicles |
| 77210 | Renting and leasing of recreational and sports goods |
| 77220 | Renting of video tapes and disks |
| 77291 | Renting and leasing of media entertainment equipment |
| 77299 | Renting and leasing of other personal and household goods |
| 77310 | Renting and leasing of agricultural machinery and equipment |
| 77320 | Renting and leasing of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment |
| 77330 | Renting and leasing of office machinery and equipment (including computers) |
| 77341 | Renting and leasing of passenger water transport equipment |
| 77342 | Renting and leasing of freight water transport equipment |
| 77351 | Renting and leasing of air passenger transport equipment |
| 77352 | Renting and leasing of freight air transport equipment |
| 77390 | Renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods n.e.c. |
| 77400 | Leasing of intellectual property and similar products, except copyright works |
| 78101 | Motion picture, television and other theatrical casting activities |
| 78109 | Other activities of employment placement agencies |
| 78200 | Temporary employment agency activities |
| 78300 | Human resources provision and management of human resources functions |
| 79110 | Travel agency activities |
| 79120 | Tour operator activities |
| 79901 | Activities of tourist guides |
| 79909 | Other reservation service activities n.e.c. |
| 80100 | Private security activities |
| 80200 | Security systems service activities |
| 80300 | Investigation activities |
| 81100 | Combined facilities support activities |
| 81210 | General cleaning of buildings |
| 81221 | Window cleaning services |
| 81222 | Specialised cleaning services |
| 81223 | Furnace and chimney cleaning services |
| 81229 | Other building and industrial cleaning activities |
| 81291 | Disinfecting and exterminating services |
| 81299 | Other cleaning services |
| 81300 | Landscape service activities |
| 82110 | Combined office administrative service activities |
| 82190 | Photocopying, document preparation and other specialised office support activities |
| 82200 | Activities of call centres |
| 82301 | Activities of exhibition and fair organisers |
| 82302 | Activities of conference organisers |
| 82911 | Activities of collection agencies |
| 82912 | Activities of credit bureaus |
| 82920 | Packaging activities |
| 82990 | Other business support service activities n.e.c. |
| SECTION O | Public administration and defence; compulsory social security |
| 84110 | General public administration activities |
| 84120 | Regulation of health care, education, cultural and other social services, not incl. social security |
| 84130 | Regulation of and contribution to more efficient operation of businesses |
| 84210 | Foreign affairs |
| 84220 | Defence activities |
| 84230 | Justice and judicial activities |
| 84240 | Public order and safety activities |
| 84250 | Fire service activities |
| 84300 | Compulsory social security activities |
| SECTION P | Education |
| 85100 | Pre-primary education |
| 85200 | Primary education |
| 85310 | General secondary education |
| 85320 | Technical and vocational secondary education |
| 85410 | Post-secondary non-tertiary education |
| 85421 | First-degree level higher education |
| 85422 | Post-graduate level higher education |
| 85510 | Sports and recreation education |
| 85520 | Cultural education |
| 85530 | Driving school activities |
| 85590 | Other education n.e.c. |
| 85600 | Educational support services |
| SECTION Q | Human health and social work activities |
| 86101 | Hospital activities |
| 86102 | Medical nursing home activities |
| 86210 | General medical practice activities |
| 86220 | Specialists medical practice activities |
| 86230 | Dental practice activities |
| 86900 | Other human health activities |
| 87100 | Residential nursing care facilities |
| 87200 | Residential care activities for learning difficulties, mental health and substance abuse |
| 87300 | Residential care activities for the elderly and disabled |
| 87900 | Other residential care activities n.e.c. |
| 88100 | Social work activities without accommodation for the elderly and disabled |
| 88910 | Child day-care activities |
| 88990 | Other social work activities without accommodation n.e.c. |
| SECTION R | Arts, entertainment and recreation |
| 90010 | Performing arts |
| 90020 | Support activities to performing arts |
| 90030 | Artistic creation |
| 90040 | Operation of arts facilities |
| 91011 | Library activities |
| 91012 | Archives activities |
| 91020 | Museums activities |
| 91030 | Operation of historical sites and buildings and similar visitor attractions |
| 91040 | Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities |
| 92000 | Gambling and betting activities |
| 93110 | Operation of sports facilities |
| 93120 | Activities of sport clubs |
| 93130 | Fitness facilities |
| 93191 | Activities of racehorse owners |
| 93199 | Other sports activities |
| 93210 | Activities of amusement parks and theme parks |
| 93290 | Other amusement and recreation activities n.e.c. |
| SECTION S | Other service activities |
| 94110 | Activities of business and employers membership organisations |
| 94120 | Activities of professional membership organisations |
| 94200 | Activities of trade unions |
| 94910 | Activities of religious organisations |
| 94920 | Activities of political organisations |
| 94990 | Activities of other membership organisations n.e.c. |
| 95110 | Repair of computers and peripheral equipment |
| 95120 | Repair of communication equipment |
| 95210 | Repair of consumer electronics |
| 95220 | Repair of household appliances and home and garden equipment |
| 95230 | Repair of footwear and leather goods |
| 95240 | Repair of furniture and home furnishings |
| 95250 | Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery |
| 95290 | Repair of personal and household goods n.e.c. |
| 96010 | Washing and (dry-)cleaning of textile and fur products |
| 96020 | Hairdressing and other beauty treatment |
| 96030 | Funeral and related activities |
| 96040 | Physical well-being activities |
| 96090 | Other service activities n.e.c. |
| SECTION T | Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use |
| 97000 | Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel |
| 98000 | Residents property management |
| 98100 | Undifferentiated goods-producing activities of private households for own use |
| 98200 | Undifferentiated service-producing activities of private households for own use |
| SECTION U | Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies |
| 99000 | Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies |
| 99999 | Dormant Company |
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